Petro Mykolayovych Symonenko (; born 1 August 1952) is a Ukrainian politician and the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine. Symonenko was the party's candidate in the 1999 and 2004, 2010,[ and until his withdrawal, the 2014 Ukrainian presidential elections.][ The CEC refused to register nearly fifty presidential candidates, Ukrayinska Pravda (8 February 2019)]
Biography
Symonenko was born in Donetsk (now Donetsk). He became a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1978, and worked as a apparatchik in the 1980s. He has been the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine since 1993. He is also the chairman of the Communist Party Faction in the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's Parliament).[ "Opening of the First Session of The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the 6th Convocation", Verkhovna Rada website, 23 November 2007.]
Symonenko has been a Ukrainian delegate to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. From 1994 to 1996 he was a member of the Ukrainian parliament's Constitution Commission. He was a candidate in the 1999 Ukrainian presidential election, receiving 22.24% of the votes in the first round and taking second place. In the second round he won 37.8% of the votes, losing to Leonid Kuchma. His election program had classic Communist content.
In late 2002, Viktor Yushchenko (Our Ukraine), Oleksandr Moroz (Socialist Party of Ukraine), Yulia Tymoshenko (Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc), and Symonenko issued a joint statement concerning "the beginning of a state revolution in Ukraine". His party left the alliance, as Symonenko was against a single candidate from the alliance in the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election; the other three parties remained allies,[ Understanding Ukrainian Politics: Power, Politics, and Institutional Design by Paul D'Anieri, M.E. Sharpe, 2006, , page 117] at least until July 2006.[ Ukraine coalition born in chaos, BBC News (July 11, 2006)]
Symonenko's support sharply declined at the time of the 2004 presidential election. He received 5% of the votes and came in fourth place, unable to get into the controversial runoff which caused the Orange Revolution. Symonenko was re-elected to the Verkhovna Rada in the 2007 Ukrainian parliamentary election.[ "The Makeup of the New Verkhovna Rada" , Ukrayinska Pravda, November 5, 2007.] At the opening of the new parliament's first session on 23 November 2007, he was re-elected as chairman of the Communist Party faction.
During the 2010 Ukrainian presidential election, Symonenko was the candidate of the Bloc of Left and Center-left Forces,[ Bloc of left and center-left forces to nominate CPU Leader for Ukraine's president, Interfax-Ukraine (October 3, 2009)][ Spravedlyvist Party backs Communist leader as single candidate from left political forces at president election, Interfax-Ukraine (October 10, 2009)][ Союз Лівих Сил підтримав кандидатуру Петра Симоненко, Union of Leftists (October 16, 2009)][ Події за темами: XXII з’їзд Соціал-демократичної партії України(о), UNIAN (October 17, 2009)][ Social-Democratic Party supports Symonenko as single candidate for president post from left political forces, Kyiv Post (October 17, 2009)] receiving 3.54% of the votes.[ ЦВК оприлюднила офіційні результати 1-го туру виборів, Gazeta.ua (January 25, 2010)] In 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election, he was re-elected into the Verkhovna Rada.[ Список депутатів нової Верховної Ради, Ukrayinska Pravda (11 November 2012)] In the 2014 Ukrainian presidential election, he initially ran as a candidate of his party on a federalization-platform that should have eventually led to a "parliamentary system without the institution of the presidency at all".[ Leader of Communist party stands for step-by-step transition to federation followed by elimination of post of president, Interfax-Ukraine (8 April 2014)] He withdrew from the race on 16 May.[ Communist leader Symonenko withdraws his candidacy from presidential race, Kyiv Post (16 May 2014)] He stated he withdrew "to save Ukraine from arbitrariness, which takes place today", and said about the elections itself "in our opinion they will be illegitimate".
Results election of Ukrainian president, Телеграф (29 May 2014)
The Central Election Commission of Ukraine did not register his candidacy for the 2019 Ukrainian presidential election due to the fact that the statute, name, and symbolism of the Communist Party of Ukraine did not comply with 2015 decommunization laws.[ Natsrada fined "112 Ukraine", "NASH" and NEWSONE for hate speech and Azarov on air, Ukrayinska Pravda (27 May 2021)]
During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Simonenko has taken a pro-Russian stance.[ А куда пропал Петр Симоненко? Оккупанты помогли ему выехать, Obozrevatel (12 May 2022)] In March 2022, as reported by Obozrevatel, he managed to escape from Kyiv to Belarus during the Kyiv offensive with the assistance of Russian forces.
In August 2023, the Security Service of Ukraine opened an investigation against Symonenko on the charges of sedition and treason.[ Biography of Petro Symonenko, Civil movement "Chesno"]
Symonenko assets were blocked and he was stripped of his Ukrainian state awards on 19 January 2025 by a decree of Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy.
Political positions
On 28 November 2006, the Ukrainian Parliament narrowly passed a law defining the Holodomor as a deliberate act of genocide and made public denial illegal. Commenting in 2007, Symonenko said that he "does not believe there was any deliberate starvation at all", and accused Viktor Yushchenko of "using the famine to stir up hatred". In response, Yushchenko declared he wanted "a new law criminalising Holodomor denial".[Laura Sheeter, "Ukraine remembers famine horror", BBC News, 24 November 2007] In May 2012, Symonenko defended the deportation of the Crimean Tatars, saying that this measure saved Crimean Tatars because otherwise a civil war would have started.[ Симоненко заявил, что крымских татар депортировали, чтобы защитить, UNIAN, 16 May 2012]
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